LETTERS OF CARL MC LERRAN
Courtesy of Vicky P. Aquino
(daughter of Aquilino Aquino)
Courtesy of Vicky P. Aquino
(daughter of Aquilino Aquino)
ROGER JONES LETTER TO AQUILINO AQUINO
SON OF HUKBALAHAP LEADER EUSEBIO AQUINO
Aquino Family Collection
SON OF HUKBALAHAP LEADER EUSEBIO AQUINO
Aquino Family Collection
GERALD WADE LETTER
Aquino Family Collection
Aquino Family Collection
WARTIME DIARIES OF JOSE AYUYAO SANCHEZ
Courtesy of Mrs. Carmelita Sanchez Carreon
Courtesy of Mrs. Carmelita Sanchez Carreon
JAPANESE OCCUPATION IN THE TOWN OF MAGALANG
On December 8, 1941, the war broke out. The people evacuated to the different places. They abandoned the farms. Some of their animals were sold. Many persons suffered during this war, many died of fear, others of hunger.
During the Japanese occupation many lives were lost.
Mayor Jose Navarro was killed by guerillas on May 20, 1943 on his way to the town from barrio Nabaling. Quirino Guzman, one of his policemen was also killed. The other policeman, Regino Tuazon, Estanislao Feliciano and some others were taken captive and were never heard from since. Aniceto Guzman and Pedro Pagkaliwangan were able to escape to tell the town of the ambuscade.
After a few months since the death of his father, Romeo Navarro was captured by the Japanese who later had him killed for being accused as a guerilla.
Atty. Jose C. Morales, was killed in an ambuscade at Sapang Maisac on July 6, 1943. He was then head of the Kalibapi (Kapisanan Lipunan ng Bayang Pilipinas) in Pampanga. His companions Don Zoilo Hilario and the driver suffered minor injuries but the son of Don Zoilo was seriously hurt and later died in the hospital.
On March 29, 1944, Jose Pineda, owner of a lumber yard in San Nicolas, was taken by guerillas and killed for alleged espionage for the Japanese.
In 1945, a Japanese pilot parachuted in Sta. Lucia because his plane was shot down by the American fighter planes. The pilot was killed by the civilians.
When the Japanese invaded the Philippines, the people from the neighboring towns and barrios evacuated in Camias. An incident happened one afternoon in the barrio that frightened many people. Five Japanese soldiers visited the barrio to ask for some rice and other foodstuffs. The barrio people welcomed the soldiers and served them food and drinks. While they were eating they set the house on fire. Some of the soldiers were burned to death and some others escaped. At the later part of the Japanese occupation, Japanese planes were machine gunning the guerillas in the fields. It also happened in Camias unfortunately the victims were not guerillas but innocent civilians who were working in the field. Those hit were taken to the municipal building for first aid treatment. Misses Loreto Pinto and Nunelon Ayuyao attended the wounded. Those hit were Marcos Medina, Agripina Ingal and Leonora Gozun.
The Japanese invaded Sta. Cruz in 1942. The inhabitants were in trouble. They went to different directions. Some reached the mountain. Many houses were burned by the Japanese soldiers. Many lives and properties were destroyed. Those killed during this time were Placido Calma and Timoteo Geronimo.
When the Japanese invaded barrio San Francisco, the roads and bridges were destroyed. Transportation became very hard. There was no security of lives and properties. The barrio people ran to the forest to save their lives from the mal treatment of the occupants. Most of the people became very poor, hungry, nervous and bare.
At the outbreak of World War II the inhabitants of barrio Balitucan evacuated for safety to different places. The people returned after two weeks to their homes and resumed their farm work. No casualty was reported in the barrio.
During the Japanese occupation a detachment of Japanese soldiers made the school building their headquarters.
In the years 1942-1945, the residents of barrio San Miguel were molested and maltreated by the Japanese Occupation Forces. Many of them evacuated to the remote barrios. Others joined the guerilla movement. Many lives were lost by the Japanese without any due cause. The The following persons who were liquidated bythe Japanese Occupation Forces were Maximo Guiao, Rufino Pangilinan, Florencio Policarpio, Ceferino David, Angel Meneses, Juan Manalili, Felix Bartolo, Elias Ochoa Sr. and Modesto Mallari.
When the war broke out in 1941, the residents of barrio San Nicolas evacuated to different towns and far flung places. Some joined the guerilla movement. Eusebio Aquino, a resident of the barrio, and defeated candidate for mayor in the previous year, was one of the organizers of the local guerillas. Schools were closed, and were opened by the Japanese in 1943.The Philippine National Anthem was sang in Nipponggo, the Japanese language.Japanese way of greeting was required by the Japanese Imperial Army to the people of Magalang. Isidoro Ayuyao, also a resident of the barrio, was appointed mayor by the Japanese at the death of Jose Navarro, the mayor of the town. During the Japanese occupation the houses of Don Nicolas Wyangco, Cayetano Rivera, Don Tomas Dizon, and Consolacion David, were used as quarters for the Japanese soldiers. The house of Hilariona Ordonez Calma was used by the Japanese soldiers for a few days and took the narra bed when they left. The Calma family evacuated to the Arayat mountain. When the Japanese soldiers reached the mountain, Hilariona pretended to be deaf and mute when she was asked about her companions. It was to be a luck to be in the mountain because they survived by picking fruits, getting fish, snails and shrimps in the river.In contrast, those who evacuated in the nearby towns experienced suffering and hunger. Jose Pineda established a lumber yard near the San Nicolas chapel and many residents worked there. Rice was rationed in 1943-44 through the Rice Growers’ Cooperative Association, which opened its store at the house of Lamberto Feliciano in San Nicolas.
Japanese occupation was a period of suffering for the people of San Pablo. Many died of fear, others of hunger.
In the barrio of La Paz, Lupo Valenzuela was taken by the guerillas for being suspected as a spy. An American pilot named Morris Nellon crashed and was taken to the house of Aurelio Mariano and Rufina Munoz where he was fed and cared. He was having traumas and nightmares so the family asked him. Since he was very young when he was sent to the war, he said he missed his mother. When the Japanese soldiers were around, the young women were evacuated at the middle of the sugar cane fields . They were dressed in old clothes, put charcoal and dirt on their faces to make them look like old women. The Rodgers silverware collection of the Mariano family were taken by the Japanese soldiers. Some pieces which were not useful were left behind.
Jose Navarro, the incumbent mayor established the government on orders of the Japanese Imperial Army but the sense of patriotism of the people led to the organization of the “guerilla”. Atty. Jose Morales, a resident of San Pedro was one of the organizers and framers of the “Constitution” and by laws of the first guerilla movement. Many residents joined the movement. The Japanese occupation was a period of confiscation of property and strict discipline of the Japanese military and of mass killing of civilians, a regime of tyranny and oppression. Rice was sold at ration until 1944. Victoriano Santos built a lumber yard and helped in the survival of the people.
On October 29, 1944 Roger Jones and Carl Mc Lerran landed close to Balitucan and had little hope of getting out alive. They were fortunate to fall into the hands of the HUKBALAHAP instead of the Japanese. The people went out of their way to see that they had so many of the little extra things that might make their time with them more pleasant.
The house of Atanacio Baluyut (now the FCC Drugstore ) was made a garrison during the Japanese occupation, while that of Jose Morales was made a temporary residence of some Japanese officers.
When Japan invaded the Philippines in 1941, a defense line was built along the barrio of San Roque by the American forces. All the houses along the line were burned. Before the invaders came American and Filipino forces retreated.
San Vicente residents, like other barrios evacuated to far places. They were frightened of the cruel ways of the Japanese soldiers. One time they were looking for three Japanese officers whom they said were lost in the barrio. Because they couldn’t find them, the Japanese soldiers burned the barrio and killed many people. Jose David, merchant of the barrio was one of those killed and Simeon Punu.
Proclamation of Philippine Independence during the Japanese occupation
It was in October 1943 when the ceremony was performed. Dr. Andres Luciano was the master of ceremonies. The flag was raised by three ladies namely, Miss Maria Elvira Luciano dressed in white, Miss Rita Gueco dressed in blue, and Miss Patrocinio Mendoza dressed in red.The Philippine National Anthem was sung by the people led by Mr. Pedro N. Roque. Col. Suzuki was the Japanese officer present. In commemoration of the event, Mayor Isidoro Ayuyao planted a narra tree across the street in front of the municipal building.
The last years of the Japanese occupation were years of suffering and hunger. Evacuees from Manila and suburbs flock Magalang.
Due to unbearable hardships met in the hands of the Japanese, Mayor Isidoro Ayuyao left with his family for Paniqui, Tarlac on Dec. 7, 1944. A few days later, on Dec. 10, 1944, the Japanese took 22 civilians from a barrio of Mexico and bayoneted them to death behind the central school in the town.
Mayor Isidoro Ayuyao was urged by the people of Magalang to return because of the need for his services. On Dec. 24, 1944 he returned with his family and served the town till the coming of the Americans in January 1945.
Dizon, Julieta C. , Japanese Army use of the Hilariona O. Calma house
Mariano, Marcelina M., Morris Nellon Airplane Crash (Japanese Occupation)
Morales, Ignacio P., Opening of Schools During the Japanese Occupation
Morales, Ruben, (son of Atty. Jose Morales) Morales Family Stories
Pelayo, Pedro, Pinto, Loreto, History and Cultural Life of the Municipality of Magalang in the Province of Pampanga, 1954 (Unpublished Manuscript)
Rivera, Teddy (great grandson of Don Cayetano Rivera) Interview by Julieta Dizon and A. Manlapaz
Ayuyao, Nunelon (daughter of Isidoro Ayuyao) Interview
Letters of Carl Mc Lerran and Roger Jones to Aquilino Aquino (shared by Vicky Aquino).
Sanchez, Jose Ayuyao WWII Diaries (shared by Carmelita Sanchez Carreon)
On December 8, 1941, the war broke out. The people evacuated to the different places. They abandoned the farms. Some of their animals were sold. Many persons suffered during this war, many died of fear, others of hunger.
During the Japanese occupation many lives were lost.
Mayor Jose Navarro was killed by guerillas on May 20, 1943 on his way to the town from barrio Nabaling. Quirino Guzman, one of his policemen was also killed. The other policeman, Regino Tuazon, Estanislao Feliciano and some others were taken captive and were never heard from since. Aniceto Guzman and Pedro Pagkaliwangan were able to escape to tell the town of the ambuscade.
After a few months since the death of his father, Romeo Navarro was captured by the Japanese who later had him killed for being accused as a guerilla.
Atty. Jose C. Morales, was killed in an ambuscade at Sapang Maisac on July 6, 1943. He was then head of the Kalibapi (Kapisanan Lipunan ng Bayang Pilipinas) in Pampanga. His companions Don Zoilo Hilario and the driver suffered minor injuries but the son of Don Zoilo was seriously hurt and later died in the hospital.
On March 29, 1944, Jose Pineda, owner of a lumber yard in San Nicolas, was taken by guerillas and killed for alleged espionage for the Japanese.
In 1945, a Japanese pilot parachuted in Sta. Lucia because his plane was shot down by the American fighter planes. The pilot was killed by the civilians.
When the Japanese invaded the Philippines, the people from the neighboring towns and barrios evacuated in Camias. An incident happened one afternoon in the barrio that frightened many people. Five Japanese soldiers visited the barrio to ask for some rice and other foodstuffs. The barrio people welcomed the soldiers and served them food and drinks. While they were eating they set the house on fire. Some of the soldiers were burned to death and some others escaped. At the later part of the Japanese occupation, Japanese planes were machine gunning the guerillas in the fields. It also happened in Camias unfortunately the victims were not guerillas but innocent civilians who were working in the field. Those hit were taken to the municipal building for first aid treatment. Misses Loreto Pinto and Nunelon Ayuyao attended the wounded. Those hit were Marcos Medina, Agripina Ingal and Leonora Gozun.
The Japanese invaded Sta. Cruz in 1942. The inhabitants were in trouble. They went to different directions. Some reached the mountain. Many houses were burned by the Japanese soldiers. Many lives and properties were destroyed. Those killed during this time were Placido Calma and Timoteo Geronimo.
When the Japanese invaded barrio San Francisco, the roads and bridges were destroyed. Transportation became very hard. There was no security of lives and properties. The barrio people ran to the forest to save their lives from the mal treatment of the occupants. Most of the people became very poor, hungry, nervous and bare.
At the outbreak of World War II the inhabitants of barrio Balitucan evacuated for safety to different places. The people returned after two weeks to their homes and resumed their farm work. No casualty was reported in the barrio.
During the Japanese occupation a detachment of Japanese soldiers made the school building their headquarters.
In the years 1942-1945, the residents of barrio San Miguel were molested and maltreated by the Japanese Occupation Forces. Many of them evacuated to the remote barrios. Others joined the guerilla movement. Many lives were lost by the Japanese without any due cause. The The following persons who were liquidated bythe Japanese Occupation Forces were Maximo Guiao, Rufino Pangilinan, Florencio Policarpio, Ceferino David, Angel Meneses, Juan Manalili, Felix Bartolo, Elias Ochoa Sr. and Modesto Mallari.
When the war broke out in 1941, the residents of barrio San Nicolas evacuated to different towns and far flung places. Some joined the guerilla movement. Eusebio Aquino, a resident of the barrio, and defeated candidate for mayor in the previous year, was one of the organizers of the local guerillas. Schools were closed, and were opened by the Japanese in 1943.The Philippine National Anthem was sang in Nipponggo, the Japanese language.Japanese way of greeting was required by the Japanese Imperial Army to the people of Magalang. Isidoro Ayuyao, also a resident of the barrio, was appointed mayor by the Japanese at the death of Jose Navarro, the mayor of the town. During the Japanese occupation the houses of Don Nicolas Wyangco, Cayetano Rivera, Don Tomas Dizon, and Consolacion David, were used as quarters for the Japanese soldiers. The house of Hilariona Ordonez Calma was used by the Japanese soldiers for a few days and took the narra bed when they left. The Calma family evacuated to the Arayat mountain. When the Japanese soldiers reached the mountain, Hilariona pretended to be deaf and mute when she was asked about her companions. It was to be a luck to be in the mountain because they survived by picking fruits, getting fish, snails and shrimps in the river.In contrast, those who evacuated in the nearby towns experienced suffering and hunger. Jose Pineda established a lumber yard near the San Nicolas chapel and many residents worked there. Rice was rationed in 1943-44 through the Rice Growers’ Cooperative Association, which opened its store at the house of Lamberto Feliciano in San Nicolas.
Japanese occupation was a period of suffering for the people of San Pablo. Many died of fear, others of hunger.
In the barrio of La Paz, Lupo Valenzuela was taken by the guerillas for being suspected as a spy. An American pilot named Morris Nellon crashed and was taken to the house of Aurelio Mariano and Rufina Munoz where he was fed and cared. He was having traumas and nightmares so the family asked him. Since he was very young when he was sent to the war, he said he missed his mother. When the Japanese soldiers were around, the young women were evacuated at the middle of the sugar cane fields . They were dressed in old clothes, put charcoal and dirt on their faces to make them look like old women. The Rodgers silverware collection of the Mariano family were taken by the Japanese soldiers. Some pieces which were not useful were left behind.
Jose Navarro, the incumbent mayor established the government on orders of the Japanese Imperial Army but the sense of patriotism of the people led to the organization of the “guerilla”. Atty. Jose Morales, a resident of San Pedro was one of the organizers and framers of the “Constitution” and by laws of the first guerilla movement. Many residents joined the movement. The Japanese occupation was a period of confiscation of property and strict discipline of the Japanese military and of mass killing of civilians, a regime of tyranny and oppression. Rice was sold at ration until 1944. Victoriano Santos built a lumber yard and helped in the survival of the people.
On October 29, 1944 Roger Jones and Carl Mc Lerran landed close to Balitucan and had little hope of getting out alive. They were fortunate to fall into the hands of the HUKBALAHAP instead of the Japanese. The people went out of their way to see that they had so many of the little extra things that might make their time with them more pleasant.
The house of Atanacio Baluyut (now the FCC Drugstore ) was made a garrison during the Japanese occupation, while that of Jose Morales was made a temporary residence of some Japanese officers.
When Japan invaded the Philippines in 1941, a defense line was built along the barrio of San Roque by the American forces. All the houses along the line were burned. Before the invaders came American and Filipino forces retreated.
San Vicente residents, like other barrios evacuated to far places. They were frightened of the cruel ways of the Japanese soldiers. One time they were looking for three Japanese officers whom they said were lost in the barrio. Because they couldn’t find them, the Japanese soldiers burned the barrio and killed many people. Jose David, merchant of the barrio was one of those killed and Simeon Punu.
Proclamation of Philippine Independence during the Japanese occupation
It was in October 1943 when the ceremony was performed. Dr. Andres Luciano was the master of ceremonies. The flag was raised by three ladies namely, Miss Maria Elvira Luciano dressed in white, Miss Rita Gueco dressed in blue, and Miss Patrocinio Mendoza dressed in red.The Philippine National Anthem was sung by the people led by Mr. Pedro N. Roque. Col. Suzuki was the Japanese officer present. In commemoration of the event, Mayor Isidoro Ayuyao planted a narra tree across the street in front of the municipal building.
The last years of the Japanese occupation were years of suffering and hunger. Evacuees from Manila and suburbs flock Magalang.
Due to unbearable hardships met in the hands of the Japanese, Mayor Isidoro Ayuyao left with his family for Paniqui, Tarlac on Dec. 7, 1944. A few days later, on Dec. 10, 1944, the Japanese took 22 civilians from a barrio of Mexico and bayoneted them to death behind the central school in the town.
Mayor Isidoro Ayuyao was urged by the people of Magalang to return because of the need for his services. On Dec. 24, 1944 he returned with his family and served the town till the coming of the Americans in January 1945.
Dizon, Julieta C. , Japanese Army use of the Hilariona O. Calma house
Mariano, Marcelina M., Morris Nellon Airplane Crash (Japanese Occupation)
Morales, Ignacio P., Opening of Schools During the Japanese Occupation
Morales, Ruben, (son of Atty. Jose Morales) Morales Family Stories
Pelayo, Pedro, Pinto, Loreto, History and Cultural Life of the Municipality of Magalang in the Province of Pampanga, 1954 (Unpublished Manuscript)
Rivera, Teddy (great grandson of Don Cayetano Rivera) Interview by Julieta Dizon and A. Manlapaz
Ayuyao, Nunelon (daughter of Isidoro Ayuyao) Interview
Letters of Carl Mc Lerran and Roger Jones to Aquilino Aquino (shared by Vicky Aquino).
Sanchez, Jose Ayuyao WWII Diaries (shared by Carmelita Sanchez Carreon)