FOLKWAYS
Folkways, according to Appelbaum and Chambliss (1995:62) are fairly weak norms, which are sometimes termed conventions that are passed from generation whose violations generally not considered serious within a particular culture. They are the habits, customs and repetitive patterns of expected behavior and tend to be self-perpetuating. Some evolve into the present form out of a slow but continuous process of trial and experimentation. Some are rational, others are irrational.
Folkways include such innumerable group expectations as rules of eating, sleeping, dressing, cooking, studying, working, modes of greetings and farewell, rituals and ceremonies in institutional setting.
There were many practices and superstitious beliefs in the town of Magalang from birth to death, many of them are no longer in practice.
LOVE, COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE
When a young man feels like telling his love to a fair lady, he gets a guitar, invite his friends and serenade her. This is followed with a visit two times a week. The parents of the bride are usually present and if the man stays very long, some of them "maglalatag ng banig" to make the man feel that it is time for him to go. Once the parents of the girls have accepted the marriage, then the boy with his father starts repairing the girl's house.
After the church ceremony, the couple goes home and before the bride has to come up, the father-in-law should hold her hand and lead her upstairs. This is done so there would be a happy relation throughout the lives of the couple. The couple should kneel and pray before the home made altar. After saying their prayers they kissed the hands of their parents, relatives and other guests.
The couple visits the houses of close relatives for "pamanyiklod' to introduce the new member of the family to both families.
BIRTH
While a mother was pregnant the parent took care that they did not tie their necks with kerchiefs so the child not be born with its cord tied around his neck.
The dutiful husband would fetch the "hilot" when his wife's time came and the rest of the period in which the baby is born, he is neglected and left alone to fight his fears and misery for solicitous women folks would take over the chores of the attendant and tell to go away. While the mother was in labor no one should stand on the doorways otherwise the mother would have a hard labor. If the mother labor too long, the husband will light a large firecracker to startle his wife in final effort to disburden herself off her offspring. Others would pull out a bamboo on the flooring of the house. The hilot or midwife will do ten daily belly massages. On the last day, the woman will be bathed with boiled pandan leaves. Then the woman will be made to sit on the above of the embers which were sprinkled with incenso.
When the child is born, the father would go to the relatives, telling that the child was through of his or her nine months journey. The child should be baptized within three days.
___________________________________________________________________
Appelbaum, Richard P. and Chambless, William J. 1995, Sociology, New York:
Harper Collins College, Publisher
Pelayo, Pedro C., Pinto, Loreto M., Historical and Cultural Life of the Municipality of
Magalang in the Province of Pampanga". Unpublished Manuscript
DOMESTIC LIFE
During the planting season and harvesting time, the community work together for the "bayanihan" (sugu). The men work in the field while the women cook food (merienda and lunch). Cigarettes and "maman" (betel nut, samat, api) are provided and sometimes wine at the end of the day before the men go back to their homes.
They raise crops, pigs and chicken for their general consumption. In their yards they have vegetables and fruits.
After harvesting time and the harvest is good they have a fiesta called "Lasak Dalungdung". Sometimes there is mass in the morning as a form of thanksgiving.
The people ate from a common large wooden bowl called "tapak". Coconut shells called "dubasa" were used as drinking cups. They cleaned their teeth with brooks sand or with husk of betel nuts. "Tabitu" is used as dipper to drink water from a banga. Clothes were washed in the brooks. Lye water was used as soap, and women used "gugu" and calamansi to clean their hair. At the foot of the stairs, a "panoron" (jar) is placed to wash their feet before going up the house.
METHODS OF MEASURING TIME
By looking at the sun during the day, the stars at night, and the crows of the cocks. They can tell the dawn by the chirping of birds and the noise made by barnyard fowls. Length and direction of their shaddows, those of the trees, the position of the sun reveals
to them the time of the day. The time of the night is determined by the number of times the cock crows. People followed the time announced by the church bells.
POPULAR GAMES
Picu, Maro, Tambubung, Salasalaginto, Tanga, Salikutan, Tampang Buldit, Sintac, Sipa, Sungka, Palia, Batikobre, Luksung Tinik, Siklot, Tetsing, Dama, Olen, Patintero, Giling-giling Istatwa, Talanan Dutung, Pompyang, Bale-balayan, Kurang-kurangan, Garing-garingan. Tinda-tindahan, Garal-garalan, Dyak-en-Poy, Sisingle, Takupan siliman, Babagwa, Labulan Goma, Siyatung, Holen, Pasi, Bending, Yoyo, Balyo,.
The old folks play panguingue and cuajo.
AMUSEMENTS: Comedia, Sarzuela, Moro-moro, Bugtungan, Karagatan o Bulaklakan, Curiro, Pandanggo, Kumintang, Sabung.
DANCES: Sapatia, Macongo, Balladora, Fandango, Rigodon de Honor
NEWS: They disseminate the news thru the barrio store, the house of the teniente del barrio, the umpukan.
_____________________________________________________________
Manlapaz, Adoracion M. Magalang Heritage, Unpublished Manuscript
Pelayo, Pedro C., Pinto, Loreto M. , Historical and Cultural Life of the Municipality of
Magalang, in the Province of Pampanga, 1954
Folkways, according to Appelbaum and Chambliss (1995:62) are fairly weak norms, which are sometimes termed conventions that are passed from generation whose violations generally not considered serious within a particular culture. They are the habits, customs and repetitive patterns of expected behavior and tend to be self-perpetuating. Some evolve into the present form out of a slow but continuous process of trial and experimentation. Some are rational, others are irrational.
Folkways include such innumerable group expectations as rules of eating, sleeping, dressing, cooking, studying, working, modes of greetings and farewell, rituals and ceremonies in institutional setting.
There were many practices and superstitious beliefs in the town of Magalang from birth to death, many of them are no longer in practice.
LOVE, COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE
When a young man feels like telling his love to a fair lady, he gets a guitar, invite his friends and serenade her. This is followed with a visit two times a week. The parents of the bride are usually present and if the man stays very long, some of them "maglalatag ng banig" to make the man feel that it is time for him to go. Once the parents of the girls have accepted the marriage, then the boy with his father starts repairing the girl's house.
After the church ceremony, the couple goes home and before the bride has to come up, the father-in-law should hold her hand and lead her upstairs. This is done so there would be a happy relation throughout the lives of the couple. The couple should kneel and pray before the home made altar. After saying their prayers they kissed the hands of their parents, relatives and other guests.
The couple visits the houses of close relatives for "pamanyiklod' to introduce the new member of the family to both families.
BIRTH
While a mother was pregnant the parent took care that they did not tie their necks with kerchiefs so the child not be born with its cord tied around his neck.
The dutiful husband would fetch the "hilot" when his wife's time came and the rest of the period in which the baby is born, he is neglected and left alone to fight his fears and misery for solicitous women folks would take over the chores of the attendant and tell to go away. While the mother was in labor no one should stand on the doorways otherwise the mother would have a hard labor. If the mother labor too long, the husband will light a large firecracker to startle his wife in final effort to disburden herself off her offspring. Others would pull out a bamboo on the flooring of the house. The hilot or midwife will do ten daily belly massages. On the last day, the woman will be bathed with boiled pandan leaves. Then the woman will be made to sit on the above of the embers which were sprinkled with incenso.
When the child is born, the father would go to the relatives, telling that the child was through of his or her nine months journey. The child should be baptized within three days.
___________________________________________________________________
Appelbaum, Richard P. and Chambless, William J. 1995, Sociology, New York:
Harper Collins College, Publisher
Pelayo, Pedro C., Pinto, Loreto M., Historical and Cultural Life of the Municipality of
Magalang in the Province of Pampanga". Unpublished Manuscript
DOMESTIC LIFE
During the planting season and harvesting time, the community work together for the "bayanihan" (sugu). The men work in the field while the women cook food (merienda and lunch). Cigarettes and "maman" (betel nut, samat, api) are provided and sometimes wine at the end of the day before the men go back to their homes.
They raise crops, pigs and chicken for their general consumption. In their yards they have vegetables and fruits.
After harvesting time and the harvest is good they have a fiesta called "Lasak Dalungdung". Sometimes there is mass in the morning as a form of thanksgiving.
The people ate from a common large wooden bowl called "tapak". Coconut shells called "dubasa" were used as drinking cups. They cleaned their teeth with brooks sand or with husk of betel nuts. "Tabitu" is used as dipper to drink water from a banga. Clothes were washed in the brooks. Lye water was used as soap, and women used "gugu" and calamansi to clean their hair. At the foot of the stairs, a "panoron" (jar) is placed to wash their feet before going up the house.
METHODS OF MEASURING TIME
By looking at the sun during the day, the stars at night, and the crows of the cocks. They can tell the dawn by the chirping of birds and the noise made by barnyard fowls. Length and direction of their shaddows, those of the trees, the position of the sun reveals
to them the time of the day. The time of the night is determined by the number of times the cock crows. People followed the time announced by the church bells.
POPULAR GAMES
Picu, Maro, Tambubung, Salasalaginto, Tanga, Salikutan, Tampang Buldit, Sintac, Sipa, Sungka, Palia, Batikobre, Luksung Tinik, Siklot, Tetsing, Dama, Olen, Patintero, Giling-giling Istatwa, Talanan Dutung, Pompyang, Bale-balayan, Kurang-kurangan, Garing-garingan. Tinda-tindahan, Garal-garalan, Dyak-en-Poy, Sisingle, Takupan siliman, Babagwa, Labulan Goma, Siyatung, Holen, Pasi, Bending, Yoyo, Balyo,.
The old folks play panguingue and cuajo.
AMUSEMENTS: Comedia, Sarzuela, Moro-moro, Bugtungan, Karagatan o Bulaklakan, Curiro, Pandanggo, Kumintang, Sabung.
DANCES: Sapatia, Macongo, Balladora, Fandango, Rigodon de Honor
NEWS: They disseminate the news thru the barrio store, the house of the teniente del barrio, the umpukan.
_____________________________________________________________
Manlapaz, Adoracion M. Magalang Heritage, Unpublished Manuscript
Pelayo, Pedro C., Pinto, Loreto M. , Historical and Cultural Life of the Municipality of
Magalang, in the Province of Pampanga, 1954